Male
Breast Cancer
Both men and women have breast tissue, though men have much smaller amounts, mostly located behind the nipple. While women experience breast cancer at far higher rates, men can still develop cancer in this tissue.
Male breast cancer is rare. In 2024, an estimated 221 Australian men were diagnosed, with the average age at diagnosis being around 71. As Australia’s population continues to age, the number of cases is expected to gradually rise, making awareness, information, and support increasingly important for men and their families.
Signs and Symptoms of Male Breast Cancer
The symptoms in men are similar to those seen in women and may include:
- a lump in the breast
- thickening of breast tissue
- dimpling or changes in the breast skin
- a change in the shape of the breast or nipple
- nipple discharge
- an area of pain
- swollen lymph nodes under the arm
Causes and Risk Factors
Certain factors can increase a man’s risk of developing breast cancer:
- Age: risk increases as men get older
- Family history: particularly close relatives with BRCA2-related breast cancer, or multiple relatives with cancers such as colon, prostate, or ovarian
- Higher oestrogen levels
- Testicular conditions
- Klinefelter’s syndrome: a rare genetic condition where a man has two X chromosomes and one Y (XXY)
In addition, lifestyle factors that can contribute to a slightly higher risk in both men and women include:
- alcohol consumption
- being overweight
- low levels of physical activity
”Although male breast cancer is uncommon, it is important for men to be breast aware. Men often do not expect changes in their chest or nipple area to be related to breast cancer, which can lead to delays in seeking help.
If something looks or feels different a lump, swelling, skin changes or nipple changes it is worth getting checked. Awareness and timely assessment allow us to provide the right care when it is needed
Dr Azim KhanMedical Oncologist
The information and content provided on this page is intended for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended to substitute for professional medical advice. Please contact your medical team for advice on anything covered in this article.
